ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ
Π ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅: ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ? ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ.
ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ +20β¦22 Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π°, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ? ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ? ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ β Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈ, Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ , Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π±Ρ Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ. Π’Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π»Π°Π³Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ β Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ , ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ .
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ-Π½ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ°. Π ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ.
ΠΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ -Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅Π·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ, Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ Π½Π° Π·ΠΈΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅, Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ-ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ:
- ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² Β«ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠΈΒ» Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ -Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ;
- ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π² ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠ½Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ , Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²;
- ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΊΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡ, Π²Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Π³ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ;
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ.
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Β«ΠΎΡ Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅-Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅.
Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΆΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 1-2 ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ?
ΠΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ: ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ? ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ.
ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° β ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ 18-22 Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ.
ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ±Π°, Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π·ΠΈΠΌΡ
Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ.
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π· Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ β Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π»Π°Π³Π° Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄
Π ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π³Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ.
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π² Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΊΠ°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ², ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ
Β
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ?ΠΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Ρ. Π ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅: ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½.
Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ…
ΠΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ².
Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ…
ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎ β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°, Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ β ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ:
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π°. ΠΡΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ:
- Π‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π₯ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠ· Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ», ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.
- Π₯ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ:
ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ , Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ, Π² ΡΠ³Π»Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ:
- ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π·Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ. Π₯ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.
- ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ , Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ.
- Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠΉ.
Π‘ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Β«ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΒ» ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. Π ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ β Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΊΠΈ.
5 Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ.ΠΊ. ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΒ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅:
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅Ρ Π³Π°Π·Π° (ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ).
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ:
- ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ (Π½Π°Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅).
- ΠΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ (Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°), ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄.
- ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΒ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° (ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Β Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΠ-ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ).
- Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ).
- Π Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ.
- ΠΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ³Π»Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°.
- ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ (ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅).
- ΠΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ± ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.
- ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.
Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ:
- ΠΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°). ΠΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° β Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π°.
- ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈΒ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ΅. Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ.
- ΠΠ΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ.
- ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅:
ΠΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ:
- ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ» ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ.
- ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ , Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠΎΡ.
- Π‘ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π» (Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ»Π΅Ρ) Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
- ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π£Π€Π ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ (Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ) ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ.
- ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅, Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ (ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π²Π΅ΡΡ
).
- ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ, Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.
- ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ, Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ.
- Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Β«ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Β». ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ» Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π° Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ β Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ β ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ» Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅, ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°.
- ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΊΡ, Ρ.ΠΊ. Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ 1 ΡΡ./ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ,Π° ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ.Β
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ, ΠΌΡ ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ β ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΒ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΠ-ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΒ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Β«Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Β», ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅!
ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ?
ΠΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° 1 ΠΌ3 ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 30 ΠΡ (Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 41 ΠΡ). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ.
ΠΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π² 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.
Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π»Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ, Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ!
ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅:
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΠ°Π΄Π΅Π΅ΠΌΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π±ΡΠ» Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅Π½. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΒ»!
ΠΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ:
- ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
- ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
- ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
ΠΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°
ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ0)ΠΠ΅ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ0) 90000 How to heat your tiny house and stay cozy all winter 90001 90002 90003 90004 Heating a tiny house in the winter has it’s challenges. Now that we’ve moved to Vermont from the sunny South we’re doing research into heating appliances. We have been talking to folks in the area about what they use and we’re pondering between a few options. 90005 90006 Choosing Which Tiny House Heater Option Is Right For You: 90007 90002 There are a few things to consider when it comes to choosing a heater for your tiny house and it boils down to a few key things.First off will you be on the grid or off the grid. Off grid winter heating will narrow your options to a few, while if you are on the grid, you have many other options. 90005 90002 Once you’ve determined your grid status, you’ll need to consider the practicalities of your lifestyle. What do you want your life to be like day to day and what is and is not going to work for you. Many people idealize a wood stove, but they do not think about waking up in the morning to a cold house before they can stoke a fire up again.For me I just wanted the simplicity of pressing a button, so I opted for a heat pump in my tiny house. 90005 90002 Sizing your heating system is critical to keeping your house nice and warm without getting too hot. I’ve been in my fair share of tiny houses where a heater either could not keep up with how cold it was outside and I’ve also been in an equal number of tiny houses that were so hot we had to open windows in the dead of winter to prevent us from sweating. For me, I needed a tiny house heater that made about 3,000 BTUs for where I live in N.C. Use a BTU calculator to figure out what is right for you tiny house. 90005 90002 90015 90005 90002 90005 90002 Finally price, money is important. Some setups cost more on the front end and less over time, while some are cheaper to start with and require on going costs or the costs are higher over the long term. I’ll dig into each of these as we go through all the options. 90005 90006 Electric Heater Options For A Tiny House: 90007 90002 90024 90005 90026 Electric Heater Pros 90027 90028 90029 Inexpensive 90030 90029 Easy to find at any store 90030 90029 No installation, just plug in 90030 90029 Can find the right BTU size for you 90030 90037 90026 Electric Heater Cons 90027 90028 90029 Takes up floor space 90030 90029 They’re not particularly good looking 90030 90029 Expensive to run, draws a lot of electricity 90030 90029 Not practical for off the grid 90030 90037 90002 Probably the easiest, cheapest option right now and fairly efficient in terms of heating a space our size.We could get through the rest of the Vermont winter comfortably with our current electric heater but it’s certainly not attractive and it takes up floor space. This option also requires you to be on the grid, most of these heaters start at 1,500 watts for a around 5,000 BTUs and go up from there. With electrical loads like that, you’d have to have a very expensive solar array to power that in the winter. 90005 90002 The great thing about electric heaters is that they’re super cheap, we picked our us for around $ 45 and you can find that at any major big box retailer.The do work well to heat a space and you have two main options: forced air and radiant heaters. 90005 90002 90055 Forced Air 90056 is for when you want to heat up a space fast, the fan in them often is pretty loud, but you can heat the space quickly which is nice when we come home from work and want to turn up the heat. While they are noisy, this is a good option for us because we are out and about often, so we turn down the power while we are gone. 90005 90002 90055 Radiant Heat 90056 is for when you can take the time to let a space to heat up.These are often oil filled radiators style heaters, which are near silent in their operation and gently heat the air around them. If you’re on the grid and going to be spending a lot of time in the house this is a good option because you can heat the house up and then let it coast. 90005 90002 Since this would only be a temporary situation right now, seeing as we will be hooking up our solar panels this summer and investing in a small wind generator later in the year. We’re also contemplating micro-hydro electric but that’s for another post! 90005 90006 Heating A Tiny House With A Wood Stove Or Pellet Stove: 90007 90002 90067 90005 90026 Wood or Pellet Stove Pros 90027 90028 90029 Cozy fire is nice 90030 90029 Less impact on environment 90030 90029 Can be used to cook, heat and more 90030 90029 Fuel generally cheap 90030 90037 90026 Wood or Pellet Stove Cons 90027 90028 90029 Medium to high initial cost 90030 90029 Needs large clearances 90030 90029 Hard to find one small enough 90030 90029 Takes work and can be messy 90030 90037 90026 Wood or Pellet Stove Cost 90027 90002 We met a tiny house dweller on a farm nearby who uses a wood fired stove.She loves it because she enjoys the processing of the wood and the look of the wood stove in her tiny house. She’s also able to heat water on top for tea making or dish washing. When electricity has gone out during the winter she has had no problems keeping warm and heating food. 90005 90002 There is a homey feeling to a wood stove that you just can not quite achieve with gas fueled units. However, a wood stove is messier, with ash falling through and wood chips and bark trailing in from the wood.90005 90026 Tiny House Wood Stove Options 90027 90002 It’s not easy to find a small wood burning fireplace, most are just too big for a small space. Jotul is a popular wood and gas stove company here in Vermont and folks tell us they are the best. We’re not sure they make one small enough for our space so we’re going to check out their showroom this week. We’ve also been looking at Dickinson Marine wood stoves as well as Woodstock soapstone stoves made regionally over in New Hampshire. Kimberly Stoves are also an option, but are expensive.90005 90002 Finally Hobbit Wood Stoves are a popular options because it’s one of the few best heating options for small homes due to it’s size. It’s designed for small spaces so it’s a serious contender for wood stoves for your tiny house. 90005 90002 90106 90005 90002 There are a few considerations you need to make when it comes to having a wood stove in your tiny house. First is getting a stove small enough for you tiny house, if you do not size it right, it will generate too many BTUs and leave you roasting inside your tiny house.This happens to most people when they try to heat their small house with wood because it’s hard to find a wood stove that’s small enough. 90005 90002 Next is the space it takes up. Wood stoves require a lot of space just in their size, but also in clearances. You often need to give a good amount of space around the wood stove to make sure it’s safe and does not catch nearby surfaces on fire. 90005 90002 Finally consider your lifestyle and how a wood stove will impact that. Wood stoves require frequent tending, wood needs to be chopped, stacked, then hauled in and finally the stove needs to be cleaned.It’s a lot of hard work and it can be a messy affair when soot gets out. Pellet wood stoves I’ve found to be a happy medium between ease of use, easy temperature maintenance and ease. You can not really make your own pellets, but there is a strong case to be made for them. 90005 90006 Kerosene Heaters For Indoor Use: 90007 90002 90117 90005 90026 Kerosene Heater Pros 90027 90028 90029 Vented or un-vented 90030 90029 Thermostat Controlled 90030 90029 Burns very clean 90030 90037 90026 Kerosene Heater Cons 90027 90028 90029 Medium to high initial cost 90030 90029 Uses fossil fuels 90030 90029 Hard to find fuel sometimes 90030 90037 90002 Several people have told us that kerosene is worth the set-up and cost of fuel.It burns really hot and it is 90% efficient according to a local gas supplier. In terms of BTU output kerosene beats out propane, but it’s not as clean burning and is more polluting to the environment although they make filters now that reduce emissions. 90005 90002 Kerosene is the cheaper option when compared to propane, but we have found it’s not as easy to find. I’m also most concerned about carbon monoxide so a vented heater would be essential in such a small space. The Toyotomi Laser kerosene heaters are an option, but I’ve read a lot of mixed reviews.Another option is a free standing kerosene heater like a Dyna-Glo heater, which is nice because you can remove it when not using it. The main downside is that it is not a direct vent heater, so you need to be careful about air quality and safety. Overall, kerosene seems like a good option for back-up to electric heating, m but after more online research we are considering this option less and less. 90005 90006 Tiny House Propane Heater Options: 90007 90002 90146 90005 90026 Propane Heater Pros 90027 90028 90029 Vented or un-vented 90030 90029 Thermostat Controlled 90030 90029 Burns very clean 90030 90037 90026 Propane Heater Cons 90027 90028 90029 Medium-to-high initial cost 90030 90029 Uses fossil fuels 90030 90029 Hard to find fuel sometimes 90030 90037 90002 Clean burning, efficient, relatively inexpensive and easy to find we’ve seriously considered the propane option.Our stove currently helps heat our house and it’s run off propane so hooking up a heating element would not be too difficult. 90005 90002 The Dickinson heater is an attractive and efficient option and was a contender to the wood stove option in our deliberations, but after talking with many other tiny housers, we heard a lot of bad things. Mainly that they look nice, but do not put out enough heat. Even though the Dickinson heater says it puts out 4,000-5,500 BTUs, many people have called that into question.It also lacks a thermostat which was a deal breaker for us. 90005 90002 The other really good option if you’re considering this is a Mr. Heater propane heater. This was great in the south because we did not always need a big heater, so we could store it away when we needed to, but on those colder than normal nights we could break it out and heat our tiny house up fast. While it uses 1lb propane canisters, we felt it was very wasteful, so we got the 20lb propane tank connector hose (the size your grill runs off of).90005 90002 What I like about propane is that it’s pretty cheap, I run my tiny house off of it and we spend about $ 100 per year heating the house, using it to cook and for my hot water heater for my tiny house. The other thing is you can get the tanks refilled almost anywhere and I prefer to use the 20lb tanks because even when they are full, I can carry them pretty easily. 90005 90006 Tiny House Heat Pumps: 90007 90002 90179 90005 90026 Heat Pump Pros 90027 90028 90029 Can heat and cool 90030 90029 Thermostat Controlled 90030 90029 Takes up no floor space 90030 90029 Very efficient 90030 90037 90026 Heat Pump Cons 90027 90028 90029 High initial cost 90030 90029 Requires some professional help to setup 90030 90029 Does not work in very cold climates 90030 90037 90002 This is a good option for people who live on grid, because heat pumps are getting more and more efficient.In really cold locations this should generally be avoided because the system functions by capturing any available heat from the air and concentrating it to heat the home. Once you get to around 30 degrees, most units have electric heating coils to boost the system, but that puts you back in the boat of standard electric heating. 90005 90002 The upside to heat pumps is that the provide heating and cooling for your tiny house, which is what I ultimately decided for my system. While it is difficult, you can run a mini split off solar with a large enough system and an efficient enough system.90005 90002 The main brands you want to look for is Mitsubishi and Fujitsu, both make good units that are a high SEER rating which is a measure of how efficient they are. You’ll want to find a unity that is at least a SEER 20 for on grid use, if you’re off grid you want to be as high of a SEER rating as possible. At the time of writing this, Carrier just launched a new mini split that is a SEER 42 which is astounding. 90005 90002 What’s great about mini splits is you can mount the air handler on the wall so it does not take up any floor space.It is also programmable, so the thermostat can turn on and off when you want and some even allow you to control via your phone so you can turn it on remotely to come home to a toasty house. 90005 90006 Best Heating Options For A Tiny House: 90007 90002 90214 90005 90002 Now that we’ve broken down some of the major types of heaters for a tiny house, I want to share what I think are the best options when it comes to heating a tiny home. 90005 90026 1. Carrier Infinity Heat Pump — $ 2,500 90027 90002 90221 It’s hard to beat these heat pump mini splits because that can heat and cool all in one unit.Their high efficiency inverter heat pump with a SEER of 42 is insane, I have yet to setup one, but I’m guessing it can heat at around 500 watts which is unheard of. 90005 90026 2. Heat Storm Deluxe Indoor Infrared Wall Heater — $ 80 90027 90002 90226 This is the best alternative I’ve found to the popular Envi Flat Panel Heater which is no longer made. What’s great about this heater is it plugs right into an outlet, its very low profile so it does not take up much space because it mounts right on the wall.The kicker is that since it’s just a plug in heater, you can remove it easily and store during the warmer months. At $ 80 and a 10 minute install it’s hard to beat it if you’re on the grid. 90005 90026 3. The Hobbit Small Wood Stove — $ 1,100 90027 90002 90231 For those who want to go off grid with your heating you’ll need a very small wood stove and the Hobbit Wood Stove is one of the smallest ones out there. While you could go with the Kimberly Stove, its very expensive. At 18 inches x 12 inches you can not get much smaller and still feed it wood, so this is a great option for those who want to heat and cook with wood.90005 90026 4. Mr. Heater — MH9BX Propane Heater — $ 69 90027 90002 90236 This is a great heater and super practical. It runs off of propane which you get almost anywhere, it’s easily portable and it puts off a lot of heat when you need it. I think everyone should have a Mr. Heater regardless of what heating option you go with as a back up heating source. It can be fuels by 1lb tanks or you can get the hose for grill size tanks. 90005 90026 5. Oil Filled Radiator Heater — $ 72 90027 90002 90241 This is another good option and make the cut for my list because they’re good at heating spaces, you can wheel it in when you need heat, but still store it when it’s warmer weather.The oil filled radiator means you have a nice even heat that does not make much noise. The down side to these is that use up a lot of energy, so if you’re off grid it’s not an option and if you are on grid, power bills can be high. 90005 90006 Considerations When Heating Your Tiny House: 90007 90002 90246 90005 90002 The last few points here to consider are safety, indoor air quality, and insulation. Obviously safety is paramount and many of these flame based heaters can lead to fires if you’re not careful.If you have smaller children, a heater on the floor presents a hazard to kids touching it. Indoor air quality is something to consider too. When in such a small space, as you burn fuels you’re using up your oxygen and putting out gasses like carbon monoxide which is serious business. Venting is always preferable, but it’s a trade off because venting takes up a lot of space and need to be done correctly. 90005 90002 Finally if you’re build your own tiny house, it’s important to make sure your house is well sealed and spending more money on insulation upfront will result in a lot less money being spent later on.Do not skimp on your insulation and choose the highest quality windows that you can afford. 90005 90002 Ultimately our main criteria for heating units include efficiency, safety, cost and environmental impact. We are deliberate in every choice we make with the house and want to make the best choice for our space, the environment and our wallets. It’s not an easy choice but a very necessary one now that we live in a state with actual winter. It’s definitely going to be easier to heat the tiny house than it was to cool it in the hot, humid Southern summers! 90005 90002 90255 90005 90026 Your Turn! 90027 90028 90029 What do you recommend for heating a tiny space? 90030 90029 What options have you considered? 90030 90037 90002 90005 By Writer on November 3, 2018 / Tiny House .90000 Wooden house, log house, timber house, design, construction 90001 90002 90003 Architectural and construction company «ArchiLine Wooden Houses — Houses for Health» 90004 specializes in design, production and construction of wooden houses, hotels, restaurants and saunas from rounded log, squared profiled timber and glued laminated timber. 90005 ArchiLine Ltd. has been successfully working in wooden construction market since 2004. Specialists of the Π ompany have produced and built hundreds of wooden houses in different countries — Australia, Belarus, Germany, Georgia, Spain, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, the Netherlands, UAE, Poland , Russia, France.more 90006 90002 We used for this Scandinavian wooden house «Morning» glaze antiseptic Pinyasol Color Tikkurila (color 3140) and modern ceramic tiles Roben Bergamo (color anthracite). «Morning» — one-story Scandinavian wooden house made of 200x185mm glued laminated … 90006 more 90002 Good day, visit our new article on our website. It’s June 2019 and we represent you a newly built house of glued laminated timber according to the project «Eurodom» The house, just built, rented and waiting for guests.Spacious, clear, bright. It … 90006 more 90002 You can see a video-review of this house «Mirage»: The price of this wooden house is $ 109 000. Let’s see how is it formed. The cost of a house is formed ΠΎf many factors: timber section (wall thickness), window material, roofing material, type of … 90006 more 90002 Β«White HouseΒ» — a big house, bright and airy, with a very good design. An electric cart will look great next to this house. It seems that the house has its own mental power.Β«White HouseΒ» a great choice for someone looking for something new in … 90006 more 90002 Wooden house of glued laminated timber Β«IT HouseΒ» was built according to the order of successful specialist in IT sphere — Michael. What tasks did the customer gave to the architects and builders? The first task that Michael gave — the house has to … 90006 more 90002 Spacious house of profiled glued laminated timber for a permanent living. Due to the large glazing, the second light in the house creates space, volume and a feeling of lightness and freshness.On the first level there is a salon area that … 90006 more 90002 «Poseidon» — unique with its simplicity and beauty design of a sauna of glued laminated timber, with an excellent layout: Sauna Number of rooms 3 rooms, 1 floor, pool, steam room, relaxation room Total area — 65 sq.m. Volume of wall material is 35.5 … 90006 more .90000 10 Items That Help Me Survive the Cold 90001 90002 90003 This is my second winter living in a Tiny House. Last year, I learned a lot, including what NOT to do. Below I’ve listed ten seasonal items that have really saved my butt — 90004 and kept it from freezing. 90005 If you ask me, that’s a worthwhile investment for future winter Tiny House living! 90006 90003 Last year I did not purchase a heated hose because I was not sure my electrical load could handle it. Guillaume and I survived off of our fresh water tank, filling it every two days.I became obsessed with conserving water. Most of the time I showered at the gym, and I used very little water to wash dishes. This year I was happy to receive a sponsored heated hose from Camco. I’m still water conscience, but I love that I no longer have to fill a tank! My 25 ‘Camco Heated Hose retails for $ 104.25. I love this hose because it has a built in thermostat, it’s durable and easy to install. 90006 90009 Camco Heated Hose with Thermastat 90003 Last week I lost power due to a winter storm, but I was lucky enough to have an off-grid heat source.This is why it’s important to have two options for heating in extreme weather: one may fail! To read more about my heating techniques, click here. 90006 90012 90013 90006 90003 As I’ve mentioned before, one of the main benefits of my water heater is that it will self-start to protect itself from freezing. This is very important, especially if I leave the house unattended for a few days. To read more about my water heater, click here. 90006 90003 Last winter my propane tanks became too cold and my water heater was not able to turn on.The pipes inside my water heater froze and it was an expensive fix. Now I do not have to worry about propane pressure because this heat blanket keeps my tank cozy in cold weather! At $ 350, it is a pricey gadget but also necessary. 90006 90012 90020 90006 90022 90023 5). Water filter INSIDE my house 90024 90025 90003 I can not use my RV hose water filter during winter because it will freeze. Instead, I filter my drinking water after it comes in through the faucet with a Britta. 90006 90003 Humidity is high in the pacific northwest, and moisture control is very important in a tiny space.Usually I leave a few windows cracked to help with ventilation. In winter, I run my dehumidifier for a few hours every day. My wood stove also works as a dehumidifier. 90006 90022 90031 90032 90024 90023 7). Insulated p-traps 90024 90025 90003 The p-traps for my sink and shower are located in the insulated part of my Tiny House. I do not have to worry about them freezing. To read more about my Tiny House plumbing, click here. 90006 90003 This hose support helps my grey water flow downhill to the sewer drain.As long as I run hot water every few days, my sewer hose should not freeze. 90006 90012 90042 90006 90022 90023 9). Small electric space heater with thermostat 90024 90025 90003 It’s nice to have a heat source running when I’m out of the house all day long. It does not take much to heat the Tiny House in this climate, so any small space heater will do. I’d love to upgrade to one that will sync to my smart phone someday. 90006 90012 90051 90006 90022 90023 10). Rugs, blankets, sweaters and tea! 90024 90025 90003 Even with my Tiny House skirt, the floor is still the coldest part of my Tiny House.Hot drinks, candles, wool socks, blankets and fluffy dog ββcuddles contribute to my comfort. Winter (to me) means I have an excuse to stay in with a cup of tea and watch a movie on my projector. What could be better than that? 90006 90022 90023 Watch this video for more info on how I winterize: 90024 90025 90003 90064 90065 90006 90022 More Articles on Wintering in a Tiny House: 90025 90022 90004 90023 How will you prepare for winter in a Tiny House? 90024 90005 90025 90075 90003 * For more of my recommended Tiny House appliances, gadgets, and products, check out my Tiny House Shop by clicking here! * 90006 90075 .